Types of Geomembrane and Their Differences

Polyethylene geomembranes have been widely used as liquid or vapor barriers in many applications. Among the types of geomembrane available on the market are polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSPE), ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), polypropylene (PP), LLDPE, medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), HDPE, bituminous geomembrane, etc. LLDPE and HDPE are often chosen for geomembranes in exposed applications (for example, landfill and reservoir covers, pond and canal liners, etc.).

Types of Geomembrane and Their Differences

Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Geomembranes (PVC-P)

PVC-P was the most widely used material for waterproofing reservoirs in Spain in the 1970s and 1980s. For that reason, the IRANOR institute set up a working group in the late seventies that drew up PVC-P regulations for using these geomembranes to waterproof reservoirs and published a standard for homogeneous sheets. Other methods were developed afterwards, for example for sheets reinforced with glass fiber and synthetic fabric, both resistant and non-resistant to bituminous materials, and for different applications such as Civil Engineering or Building Works.

Types of Geomembrane and Their Differences

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

Although polyethylene materials of different densities are used as waterproofing systems, high density polyethylene (HDPE) is the most commonly seen. The reason this material is so widely used today comes down to two factors. First, economics: the large supply and competition lead to good prices compared with other types of geomembrane. Second, the material is a very stable polyolefin, chemically inert and with long-term durability, which is why landfills are usually lined with it.

HDPE geomembrane has been successfully adopted for decades as an alternative water barrier to conventional clay liner systems in hydraulic reservoirs and ponds. With its outstanding mechanical properties and high durability, HDPE geomembrane provides a cost-effective solution for seepage control and leak prevention in reservoirs and dams.

Types of Geomembrane and Their Differences

Terpolymer Rubber (EPDM)

Terpolymer rubber (EPDM) is a macromolecular compound used as a geomembrane in Hydraulic Works and Building Works. EPDM is widely used and may be considered the most commonly used synthetic barrier in countries such as the United States.